Results

Regressions were also performed for subject ratings of pleasantness/unpleasantness (Table 3) and emotional intensity (Table 4), for comparison with the chills intensity regression. Because both subject-selected and control music conditions produced some level of emotional intensity or pleasantness, the distribution of ratings was closer to a normal distribution. The regressions were performed in the same way as for chills intensity ratings, including subtraction of a subject effect regressor (see Methods).


Table 3. Regression correlating rCBF with ratings of pleasantness/unpleasantness

Region

Coordinates

t value*

(all music)

x

y

z

Positive correlations

L. ventral striatum

M. dorsomedial midbrain

R. thalamus

M. anterior cingulate (BA 24/32)

R. orbitofrontal cortex (BA 14)

R. insula

M. suppl motor area (BA 6)

L. cerebellum

R. cerebellum

-17

0

1

3

12

34

1

-13

39

17

-35

-18

25

24

15

-2

-73

-66

-17

-20

6

30

-21

5

63

-23

-24

5.17

3.68

8.65

5.99

6.43

8.13

6.31

4.48

3.98

Negative correlations

L. hippocampus/amygdala

R. amygdala

M. prefrontal cortex (BA 32)

M. cuneus (BA 18)

R. precuneus (BA 7)

L. precuneus (BA 7)

-21

21

-3

-4

5

-5

-13

-6

41

-81

-57

-61

-23

-23

-14

21

41

29

-3.33

-2.72

-3.84

-7.52

-4.84

-3.85

t values are shown for the regression including data from both subject-selected and control music conditions (all music; column 5). Positive t values denote correlation with increasing ratings of pleasantness; negative t values denote correlation with decreasing ratings of pleasantness. Coordinates refer to location in stereotaxic space [Talairach, J. & Tournoux, P. (1988) Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain (Thieme, New York)]. L, left; R, right; M, medial.

*t values were significant at P < 0.05 using a standard one-tailed t test (n = 9).


Table 4. Regression correlating rCBF with ratings of emotional intensity

Region

Coordinates

t value*

(all music)

x

y

z

Positive correlations

L. putamen

L. dorsomedial midbrain

R. thalamus

M. anterior cingulate (BA 24/32)

R. orbitofrontal cortex (BA 14)

R. insula

M. suppl motor area (BA 6)

L. cerebellum

-24

1

3

1

21

31

1

-5

-4

-37

-18

20

34

8

-6

-68

6

-17

3

35

-23

5

63

-18

5.45

4.04

6.77

4.49

3.69

6.98

6.86

5.34

Negative correlations

L. hippocampus/amygdala

R. amygdala

M. prefrontal cortex (BA 32)

M. prefrontal cortex (BA 10)

M. cuneus (BA 18)

R. precuneus (BA 7)

L. precuneus (BA 7)

-20

21

-1

5

0

5

-5

-16

-7

37

56

-73

-57

-61

-23

-23

-18

-18

24

41

29

-3.02

-3.38

-3.75

-4.14

-3.52

-4.84

-3.85

t values are shown for the regression including data from both subject-selected and control music conditions (all music; column 5). Positive t-values denote correlation with increasing ratings of emotional intensity; negative t-values denote correlation with decreasing ratings of emotional intensity Coordinates refer to location in stereotaxic space [Talairach, J. & Tournoux, P. (1988) Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain (Thieme, New York)]. L, left; R, right; M, medial.

*t values were significant at P < 0.05 using a standard one-tailed t test (n = 9).